Sgraffito & Scraffito
SGRAFFITO & SCRAFFITO
Sgraffito (Italian: zɡraffito; plural: sgraffiti; sometimes spelled scraffito) is a technique of scratching away at layers so as to selectively reveal the underlayers.
Sgraffito is often used to create contrast by scratching away a top coat to bring an underlying colored layer to the surface.
Often seen in plaster layering, unfired ceramics, it's also found in paintings and sculpture where it can become a form of reverse painting: the entire design is revealed by selectively scratching away at the top coat so the design is revealed by making the undercoat visible.
In this respect, Sgraffito is a similar technique to wood block carving. In both sgraffito and carving wood blocks, the design is brought forth by removing material rather than by adding it.
Sgraffito and sgraffiti come from the Italian word graffiare ("to scratch"), ultimately from the Greek γράφειν (gráphein, "to write"). Related terms include graffito and graffiti. For more information, please see the Wikipedia article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgraffito.
Here is an example from a toleware piece, on recycled tin:
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